Death by Coconut

A coconut can fall and hit you on the head,
And if it falls from high enough can kind of knock you dead
Dead beneath the coconut palms, that’s the life for me!
 
=Frederick Seidel
 
 

A beautiful concubine of King Tetui of Mangala (Cooks Island) died tragically while walking under palm trees. She was struck by “a falling green nut. The saddened King ordered to cut down the tree. This happened in the year 1777 and is the first recorded occurrence of death by coconut [1}.

‘BEWARE FALLING COCONUTS’ sign in Honolulu, Hawaii Author Wmpearl

There are various other incidents of falling coconuts resulting death and severe head injuries. Though not so frequent it has become an urban legend following the publication of Barss’ study exaggerating the number of deaths by coconut.

Apart from the possibility of coconut falling on someone’s head there is a greater danger hidden in coconut. Fresh or wet coconut does not have any danger on its own but dried coconut may result in fire due to self-heating. Dried coconuts are called Copra, the word originating from the Malayalam word Copra (കൊപ്ര).

COPRA – by Rajesh dangi

Historically many ships had gone up in flames due to fire started by Copra, below is news of a cargo ship fire reported on 2nd December 1919.

COPRA FIRE ON EX-GERMAN LINER Dominion, Volume 13, Issue 58, 2 December 1919, Page 6
COPRA FIRE ON EX-GERMAN LINER
Dominion, Volume 13, Issue 58, 2 December 1919, Page 6

 

 

 

UN Model Regulations classify Copra under Class 4.2 “substances liable to spontaneous combustion

IMDG Code has special stowage requirement for Copra which states; ‘Keep as dry as reasonably practicable. Protected from sources of heat. Provide a good through ventilation for bagged cargo. Double strip stowage is recommended. During the voyage regular temperature readings shall be taken at varying depths in the hold and recorded. If the temperature of the cargo exceeds the ambient temperature and continues to increase, ventilation shall be closed down’.

 

 

SEED CAKE

Seed cake is the residue remaining after oil has been expelled mechanically from oil-rearing seeds.  Seed cake can be derived from  Bakery materials , Barley malt pellets , Beet Oil cake , Bran pellets , Brewers grain , pellets , Citrus pulp pellets , Coconut , Copra , Corn gluten , Cotton seed , Expellers ,Gluten pellets , Ground nuts, meal , Hominy chop , Linseed , Maize , Mill feed pellets , Niger seed, expellers, Palm kernel , Peanuts , Pellets, cereal , Pollard pellets , Rape seed , Rice bran , Rice broken , Safflower seed , Seed expellers, oily , Soya bean , Strussa pellets , Sunflower seed , Toasted meals etc.

Palm Kernel Cake
Palm Kernel Cake (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Seed cake containing oil and moisture are liable to spontaneous combustion and thus may fall under dangerous goods classification criteria of Class 4.2 ( Substances liable to spontaneous combustion ).

IMDG Code lists two UN numbers for SEED CAKE

1. UN 1386

SEED CAKE, containing vegetable oil (a) mechanically expelled seeds, containing more than 10% of oil or more than 20% of oil and moisture combined

SEED CAKE, containing vegetable oil (b) solvent extractions and expelled seeds, containing not more than 10% of oil and when the amount of moisture is higher than 10%, not more than 20% of oil and moisture combined

2. UN 2217

SEED CAKE with not more than 1.5% oil and not more than 11% moisture

Copra drying house, Yap
Copra drying house, Yap (Photo credit: Joel Abroad)

Oily Seed Expellers must be shipped as UN 1386.

Break up of oil and moisture content is as below

Solvent-extracted soya bean meal containing not more than 1.5% oil and 11% moisture, being substantially free from flammable solvents are not considered as dangerous by IMDG Code provided shipment is accompanied by a certificate from shipper stating offered shipments meets this requirement.

Copra

Copra is dried coconut meat. Used mainly for extracting coconut oil, after extracting oil the seedcake is mainly used as animal feed.

Calicut, Kerala

Due to oil content Copra is classified as Dangerous Goods, Class 4.2, substances liable to spontaneous combustion. Oil expelled seedcake of Copra falls under same classification due to its nature of spontaneous combustion.

UN number assigned to Copra is UN 1363. IMDG Code describes Copra as Dried kernels of coconuts, with a penetrating rancid odour which may taint other cargoes.

Traditional bullock-powered coconut oil mill. ...

Further stowage requirement states “The cargo shall be stowed “Away from” pipes and bulkheads which are liable to become heated (e.g. engine-room or heated fuel tank bulkheads). During the voyage regular temperature readings shall be taken at varying depths in the hold and recorded. If the temperature of the cargo exceeds the ambient temperature and continues to increase, ventilation shall be closed down”.